pocketflow/docs/design_pattern/agent.md

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---
layout: default
title: "Agent"
parent: "Design Pattern"
nav_order: 1
---
# Agent
Agent is a powerful design pattern in which nodes can take dynamic actions based on the context.
<div align="center">
<img src="https://github.com/the-pocket/PocketFlow/raw/main/assets/agent.png?raw=true" width="350"/>
</div>
## Implement Agent with Graph
1. **Context and Action:** Implement nodes that supply context and perform actions.
2. **Branching:** Use branching to connect each action node to an agent node. Use action to allow the agent to direct the [flow](../core_abstraction/flow.md) between nodes—and potentially loop back for multi-step.
3. **Agent Node:** Provide a prompt to decide action—for example:
```python
f"""
### CONTEXT
Task: {task_description}
Previous Actions: {previous_actions}
Current State: {current_state}
### ACTION SPACE
[1] search
Description: Use web search to get results
Parameters:
- query (str): What to search for
[2] answer
Description: Conclude based on the results
Parameters:
- result (str): Final answer to provide
### NEXT ACTION
Decide the next action based on the current context and available action space.
Return your response in the following format:
```yaml
thinking: |
<your step-by-step reasoning process>
action: <action_name>
parameters:
<parameter_name>: <parameter_value>
```"""
```
The core of building **high-performance** and **reliable** agents boils down to:
1. **Context Management:** Provide *relevant, minimal context.* For example, rather than including an entire chat history, retrieve the most relevant via [RAG](./rag.md). Even with larger context windows, LLMs still fall victim to ["lost in the middle"](https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.03172), overlooking mid-prompt content.
2. **Action Space:** Provide *a well-structured and unambiguous* set of actions—avoiding overlap like separate `read_databases` or `read_csvs`. Instead, import CSVs into the database and then use one parameterized (e.g., table name) or programmable action (e.g., via SQL) to query data.
## Example Good Action Design
**Incremental:** Feed content in manageable chunks (500 lines or 1 page) instead of all at once.
**Overview-zoom-in:** First provide high-level structure (table of contents, summary), then allow drilling into details (raw texts).
## Example: Search Agent
This agent:
1. Decides whether to search or answer
2. If searches, loops back to decide if more search needed
3. Answers when enough context gathered
```python
class DecideAction(Node):
def prep(self, shared):
context = shared.get("context", "No previous search")
query = shared["query"]
return query, context
def exec(self, inputs):
query, context = inputs
prompt = f"""
Given input: {query}
Previous search results: {context}
Should I: 1) Search web for more info 2) Answer with current knowledge
Output in yaml:
```yaml
action: search/answer
reason: why this action
search_term: search phrase if action is search
```"""
resp = call_llm(prompt)
yaml_str = resp.split("```yaml")[1].split("```")[0].strip()
result = yaml.safe_load(yaml_str)
assert isinstance(result, dict)
assert "action" in result
assert "reason" in result
assert result["action"] in ["search", "answer"]
if result["action"] == "search":
assert "search_term" in result
return result
def post(self, shared, prep_res, exec_res):
if exec_res["action"] == "search":
shared["search_term"] = exec_res["search_term"]
return exec_res["action"]
class SearchWeb(Node):
def prep(self, shared):
return shared["search_term"]
def exec(self, search_term):
return search_web(search_term)
def post(self, shared, prep_res, exec_res):
prev_searches = shared.get("context", [])
shared["context"] = prev_searches + [
{"term": shared["search_term"], "result": exec_res}
]
return "decide"
class DirectAnswer(Node):
def prep(self, shared):
return shared["query"], shared.get("context", "")
def exec(self, inputs):
query, context = inputs
return call_llm(f"Context: {context}\nAnswer: {query}")
def post(self, shared, prep_res, exec_res):
print(f"Answer: {exec_res}")
shared["answer"] = exec_res
# Connect nodes
decide = DecideAction()
search = SearchWeb()
answer = DirectAnswer()
decide - "search" >> search
decide - "answer" >> answer
search - "decide" >> decide # Loop back
flow = Flow(start=decide)
flow.run({"query": "Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics 2024?"})
```